History Research Paper on Nazi Propaganda

 

Introduction

            The paper shall Zero in on the Nazi propaganda which became widespread in Germany prior to the Second World War. Adolf Hitler who was headed the Nazi propaganda was the head of the party. He was a very strong man and appointed DR. Joseph Goebbels to head the propaganda ministry. The propagandas were aimed at making the German idolize him in every aspect[1]. Concentration camps were for the people who rebelled against the Nazi rules. The propaganda was present in every sector of the country and this way the Nazi party became the dreaded party in the world.

            Workers were controlled by the DAF which was the Germany labor department. The soldiers obeyed all the orders from Hitler without questioning and young boys were prepared for war while the girls were prepared on becoming housewives.

Historical Segment

            The success of the Nazis was based on the human psychology. The Nazis knew how well to manipulate the human mind. History teaches that there is a correlation between the existence of government and dominance of culture. The Nazis were careful planners and knew just how to implement their actions for better results. They hesitated not in talking actions which they did not regret. The use of the Nazis propaganda was an agenda mostly formulated by the leaders of the party. Adolf Hitler, who is known the world over for his tactics under the Nazi regime was instrumental in the propagandas. The propagandas were meant to manipulate the opinion of the public. The propagandas were meant to change the public and they did achieve this milestone. For example if a public opinion was made, the results were modified to suit what both Hitler and Goebbels wanted the public to hear.

            These propagandas made their way to the people and this saw the powerful period in which the Nazi party reigned in power. The propagandas can be said to have achieved their aims as they led to the rise of the party and the party headed by very powerful and dreadful leaders made their agendas felt the world over. Dr. Joseph Goebbels was the man behind the propagandas. The propagandas had to be made by the people who would not easily be suspected by the public and Goebbels was the best person to successfully undertake the duty. He maintained a profound and perfect image that no one would have doubted him in any way. The common thought of the Nazis back then was for the propagandas to infiltrate the lives of the people. This was to first be made by ensuring that the people knew and believed in nothing else but only propaganda which would have seen them fight for it, unknowingly.

            It was around this time that the world war was still continuing. So Germany had to show the world that it had power to attack and defend its territories. So this means that all the news had to be doctored in a bid to influence the thoughts of the public. The best strategy adopted by Dr. Goebbels was to use entertainment to influence the public. So the Cinema became a tool through which the Nazi would use to capture the minds of its countrymen[2].  There was a thin line between the half truths and entertainment. As the cinemas increased so did the people attending the entertainment joints. Mind you all this entertainments were being conducted in a bid to promote the Nazi party which was gaining recognition among the majority of Germans.

            Technology was slowly making strides and during this time improvements were made to the films to enhance the quality of picture on the films. Color was added as the clarity of the pictures and this was part of the propaganda but the Germans were purely unaware of the unfolding. Key in these films was the oppression exercised to the actors. The theme was to paint a negative picture of the world so that the Germans support a mechanism that will see it remove this “dirt” from the society. As times passed by, the number of people attending the cinemas quadrupled.  Another factor which was presented in the movies was showing the family of Goebbels as the happiest family in the Nazi party.

The purpose was to spread credibility among the moviegoers. The film makers were under the influence of the Nazi leaders to do as per their wishes. Lying became part of the Germans culture which they adored and pursued to initiate wars with its neighbors. These propagandas were to prepare the Germans against the war which was brewing with other European countries particularly France and Britain. Nazi flags lined up the streets and saw the people attend the rallies organized by the parties in large numbers. Hitler, who was a good orator created a rapport with the people through the propagandas and this endeared him to the people the more. People slowly started believing in him and the party objectives. All these were mental preparation as 1939 was nearing fast and the war was imminent.

After Nazi took over, Hitler became fundamental in ensuring each household had a radio to enhance the transmission of the rallies to everybody. To show the might of the party, some important breaking news and other political statements made by the Nazi leaders were broadcast during the working hours and it was a requirement for the workers to stop their jobs and pay attention to the news. The propaganda was successful in earning the support for the Nazi party. However, in the end the people felt they were being alienated and that how the propagandas came to a halt.

The orders issued to the solders had some form of threat. Goebbels was very wise as he ensured that he listened to the people and discuss with them on different issues which would be incorporated in the propagandas. There were marches conducted from time to time and the cameras and the radios were supposed to air them. This psychologically served to prepare the world for the war. Hitler was after displaying his might in terms of advancement in technology to scare the world and become a superpower.

The Tools Used To Spread Propaganda

            The propaganda had to be spread by means of a tool that would reach as many people as possible. Under the leadership of Hitler, radios were manufactured and sold at prices affordable by each household. In their arsenal, the radio became the easiest mode through which the Nazis would have spread the information to the masses. The radio known as the, Volksempfanger, which is a German language meaning the people’s receiver. The radio was limited to only air the German stations as well as Austrian stations[3]. Thus, it was possible to manipulate what was going to be aired, to conform to what the minister of public awareness and propaganda, in line with the Nazi party, would have directed. The news was purely designed with an aim of brainwashing the population. This scheme was very successful for the Nazi party to cede power.

            Another technique deployed was the use of film and cinema[4]. Through them, the spirit of hatred was conveyed in pictures and in actions. The social sphere was recognized as the means through which the propagandas would easily infiltrate the people’s minds. The department of film was fundamental in using the film to spread the socialist views. It conducted frequent film shows in the streets and the major towns and cities[5]. The most common films which were a must watch were the triumph of the will and the wandering Jew. The former was a film about the Nuremberg rally which spread propagandas about the German enemies plan to finish the country. The later touched on the killing of the Jews as they were not Germans. The Nuremberg rally was used to showcase the army, technology, vehicles and the mighty that the Germans had over the other nations.

            Posters were also used to spread the messages. The posters were well prepared to capture the people to join in the war. Newspapers were not used as such though was a very powerful instrument for influencing the opinions of the Germans. Hitler was already writing about his own biography which was used to mythologize the Nazi party. The book painted him as the hero through his struggles. Hitler was against communism which saw him massacre millions of Jews. He did not want anybody to oppose him and those who did, were either killed or taken to the concentration camps. Music was made to absorb the culture of the Germans. There were only three musicians who Hitler loved obviously since they supported the Nazi party agenda. They were Beethoven, Bruckner and Wagner. Wagner is said to have accused Jews of making the culture of the Germans toxic. The most effective technique was for every Nazi leader to hail him as the king and to adore him. He was considered the Fuhrer –more like the savior. He had the knowledge on how to relate with the people and could move the crowds with his precise and simple speeches.

Anti- Semitism

            Anti-Semitism means the prejudice against the Jews. Hitler considered the Jews as outcasts and therefore were supposed to be finished completely from this world and this lead to the Holocaust. The European Jews were massacred by the Nazis. Hitler was also against the constitutional democracy and thus came up with the Nazi propagandas to ensure that no one institution would be given the chance to spread democracy, socialism and capitalism[6]. In his book the Mein Kampf, Hitler hated the Jews with passion and disseminated propagandas against them which culminated into polgroms (mass movements against the Jews). The book advocated for the separation of the Aryans and those who were not Aryans. The polgroms were incited by false rumors that the Jews were believed to be using the blood of their children to perform rituals.

            The treaty of the Versailles had crippled German completely and the only way that Hitler saw would make them rise over their challenges was to expand its territory and scaring the European nations with its power. Hitler being tactful organized for the rise of the Third Reich through myths and propagandas. The anti-Semitic attitude was already wide spread even before the Third Reich took over. Through Hitler’s propaganda, the attitude deepened to become more vigorous and intense.

            The holocaust saw the death of millions of European Jews in the extermination camps[7]. The mass killings were being conducted to the communities which were considered inferior. The holocaust was successful because German had employed the technology of mass killing through the gas chambers and also had the means to bring more Jews to the extermination camps. The propagandas used in order to make the Jews agree to be transported to the concentration camps were that they were being promised to be given pieces of Land and thus came out in large numbers. After being defeated in the First World War, Germany was demilitarized and therefore blamed the Jews of their misfortunes. Another ideology came up that the Jews were planning to rule the world. This ideology made Hitler mad and saw that the only option was to kill the Jews as soon as possible before they take over the world. It was through this propagandas sought by Hitler that lead to the death of many human beings persecuted for their faith and belief in their religion. If Hitler would have won the First World War, all the Jews would have been dead by now.

Public Opinion over the Nazi Propaganda

            The propaganda was channeled to the people. Hitler believed in the people and before he took any decision, he would first consult with the different people to get the moods of the masses. He knew he would not win the fight alone and the population was critical to his agenda. The public opinion was sought on different issues. Actually the ministry of propaganda was established in order to constantly gauge the moods of the public. Dr. Goebbels under took his job with diligence by organizing different departments like the Secret Police who were commonly known as the SD. The ruling elites were responsible for furnishing Goebbels with all the reports which would detail on the contemporary status of the public disposition. Hitler paid close attention on the report in gauging whether he was making progress or not. He did everything that would not injure his reputation in a bid to remain loyal among the Germans. Because of this reports, Hitler averted hiking the cost of foods as this would have dealt a major blow to his regime[8].

            Having a growing concern to read the public mood, Hitler formed other groups which would constantly monitor the public opinion. Included in the group were the SD, the Nazi party itself, authorities of the local government, government arm of the judiciary and the Gestapo.  Agents were sent all over the Reich to collect data on the public mood and morale. The agents gathered were the people were conversing and would later on in the day share their findings with the party members and other leaders. This would then be channeled to Hitler through a report. The public is very crucial when it comes to the government decisions. In light of this, Hitler did not want to take chances on the moods of the public and undertook the decision to ensure that the public was on his side. It must be noted that not all the decisions made in the Reich were dictated by public opinion.

The public opinion was being sought in order to aid Hitler and other party leaders to come up with propagandas about certain issues which were already in the public domain. The achievement and failure of the propaganda was not as a result of the poor planning by the ministry of Propaganda but instead was a result of the prevailing opinion of the Germans. Propagandas were more effective if they were reinforcing the already existing values of the public. If they did not meet this criterion, they did not become effective and had to be revised in a bid to get to the core of the people’s perceptions. The Nazi revolution employed the following machinery to stay in power. First, they used the police to ensure that the people agreed to their views and those who rebelled were liquidated. The police forces were ruthless and therefore no one even thought of going contrary to what the Nazi party advocated for.

            Secondly the use of terror was used by the Nazi troopers to create fear among the citizens. The troopers did not apply the law and order and as such seized property and persons as they wanted. The violence triggered oppositions but the Nazi distanced itself from such allegations as this would have tainted their moves. The positive image created by the Nazi party helped to restore the public confidence in the party. The party thus used their own public media appeals to cleanse their name against the terror created by the Nazi troopers. The third machinery and the most phenomenal machinery deployed by the Nazi party was Propaganda. Propaganda was the best sought machinery to change the views of the people who had started to oppose the Nazi regime.

            The propagandas made the Germans believe in putting the community before an individual. This tactic worked in preparing and finally getting the Germans into the Second World War. During the war the propaganda was extended in the battle fields to keep the solders in solidarity and continue fighting.

Changes in Public Opinion

After Nazi took power, German had just failed in the First World War and so the people felt humiliated by the defeat and the repercussions that came with the defeat. The country had high inflation rates and therefore the standards of living were very high. Because of signing the treaty of the Versailles, the country had high unemployment levels. The people were actually angry with their leaders for their decisions to enter into war where they lost their loved ones and never gained what they were fighting for. The working class saw the rot in the propaganda and never supported it right from day one. The workers compared themselves with their counterparts from Russia and saw that the propaganda was a system to initiate them to war and nothing more.

Artists at this time were becoming more and more and they adored the communism exercised by other countries. They started writing posters against the Nazi propaganda and since the people were tired of fighting for nothing, they started seeing the light in the senses of the artists. The drunkards who were people, who had well travelled the world, saw the propagandas of the Reich and talked against the Nazis pointblank. This talk grew and grew as more and more people saw the sense in the word of the drunkards and other workers. Actually, the life of a German worker was worse off compared to other workers around Europe. The drunken outbursts were long and this became the opinion of the people

People gave different account of Hitler with others calling him a Freemason with others calling him gay[9]. Arrests were made against those who out rightly criticized Hitler. Some said that Hitler was actually a homosexual and were forthwith apprehended. The reign of terror made the people to slowly oppose him before it gained momentum as the other countries tainted negative images about him. The opposition was fuelled further by the arrests made to the public condemning the Nazi regime. The Nazi leaders used to go to other cities well dressed while the inhabitants were living in abject poverty. This picture created a bad image for the Nazis and foresaw the public displeasure against them.

The hunger and the increased unemployment created a load of problems to the people who felt the urge to resist the bad governance enhanced by the Gestapo and the police. The Nazi youths also formed part of the larger Nazi community. The youths were very arrogant to the people and thus the rural community together with the working class developed a concerted hatred for them. The outside forces like losing the battle had a hand on the change in the public opinion. The Germans were now realizing that they had been lied to in order to go to fight. They felt betrayed by their own countrymen who took pride in their actions. The fighters who had been fighting had returned home either unable to work for themselves and this made the people more angry as the Nazi cared not in helping them.

The selfish gains made Hitler and his comrades plunge Germany into battle for no apparent reason. The treaty of the Versailles imposed very strict sanctions on the country for their actions in triggering the First World War. The treaty made it hard for German to sell any product as no country would trade with it. Again, there were no farm inputs to help them court the soil to yield. The rising concerns over their future made them get out of the cocoons they had been put by the Nazi regime for that era. The workers in particular were the pioneers of refusing to side with the Nazis as they did not address their working conditions in terms of wages, environment and hours of work.

The infuriated workers caused a countrywide demonstration which saw the down fall of the Nazi regime. In deed the propaganda only works for a short period but eventually, the people become aware and discard the practice after the reality has come out. Here, the reality was that, the Germans were killed in the war and the treaty of the Versailles imposed very strict economic sanctions making the countrymen suffer because of the selfish gains of the minority Nazis at the expense of the Majority Germans.

Goals of the Nazi Propaganda

            There were two goals that the Nazi propaganda wanted to instill in Germans. First, is to establish a positive image about the Hitler as well as the Nazi party. The propaganda used supported this goal as the Nazi party took power through influencing the decisions of the people by means of radio, posters and newspapers. The second goal was to generate negative opinions of the people considered to the enemies of the Nazi and the Germans in general, the Jews. The images of Jews portrayed as people who supported the enemies were put in writings as well as in posters.

This was made possible by the use of appeal majorly to the emotions of the Germans instead of the intellect. Again, the agenda was to be made to the masses and designed in a way that would influence the same and yield results analogous to the expectations of the Nazi leaders led by Adolf Hitler[10]. The themes were simple to comprehend would be repeated a number of times in order to sink to the masses. The theme had to focus on only one enemy who would be characterized as an enemy of the people of Germany and thus needs to be eliminated before they create instability not only in Germany but the world at large.

Before the Nazi party took over, there goals were to show the masses that Hitler together with the Nazi party to be the rescuer of Germany. In addition, the goal of the Pro Nazi propaganda was to depict the Nazis as knowledgeable, wise in decision making and extremely powerful. The last pro Nazi propaganda was to create a connection of the Nazis to the future of German. These goals endeared the masses and this saw the party take over power in 1933. There were also other propagandas about the Jews who the Germans (through Hitler) considered their number one enemy.

The goals of these agendas were to ensure that there was a high correlation in linking the Jews to the predicaments befalling the country as well as to make it appear as a real threat to the national sovereignty. The other goal of the anti Jewish propaganda was to bring forth the negative aspects of the Jews religion where they were painted as people who use the blood of their children to offer sacrifices to their gods. Thirdly, the goals were create a climate of hatred for the Jews which would in turn make the Germans hate and start killing them as they are not Germans. The last Goal was to ensure that the image of the Jews is completely tainted to make them outcasts among the German community. This was to be conducted through discrimination, isolation, casting them out and murder.

All the propagandas were aimed at psychologically preparing the Germans for war[11]. The people believed each and every word of the Nazis and they were portrayed as the saviors of the Germans. The main aim of the goals was to bring the Germans together as one community and thus would have been easy for the Nazis to manipulate the decisions of the people. The bad picture painted on the Jews caused hatred for them and this led to the mass killing of the Jews. The masses were aware of the Nazis extermination camps but not of the gas chambers which saw the killing of millions of innocent Jewish men, women and children.

The Nazis had established a network which all over Europe to counter information about the other countries in order to prepare itself for the Second World War[12]. This meant that the Germans used tactics to befriend the Americans and went to conduct investigations on their own soil. The Americans were very neutral and this proved an advantage to the German spies. They went to the munitions companies and collected relevant information which they would cable to their country. This went on till the Americans spies identified the syndicate. The Propagandas were used to easily win friends and get information from them.

Through Hitler and Nazi the Germans went to war but were seriously defeated. Hitler was a strong critic of equality in the society. He viewed this as the moves castigated by the Jews against the Germans in order to blindfold and brainwash them into ruling the world. Hitler knew how to circumvent issues and making fit the opinion of the people. Also, the Nazi party was against the individualism besides the parliamentary led government. He knew that the presence of the above core of communism and equality would have enlightened the people and thus his agendas would never have seen the light of the day. He was very harsh to the people who we against the Propagandas as they knew the rough side of the objectives of the Nazis.

The Concentration Camps

            Immediately after taking power, Adolf Hitler opened up the concentration camps aimed at locking up the criminals and anybody who was considered an enemy. Most of the Jews were not sent to the concentration camps as the policy was formulated to deprive them most of their necessities and eventfully move out of Germany. At the concentration camps the people were used as experimenting materials and they were killed without regret[13]. The Jews found themselves in deep trouble after German under the leadership of Hitler, started taking over different parts of their neighbors. They took up Poland and Czechoslovakia. The Jews who were trapped in Poland were taken to the Auschwitz concentration camp[14]. This was the biggest concentration camp which had a lot of Jews inmates. More than a million Jews were killed. The concentration camps came to an end after the other the Auschwitz camp was invaded by the soviet army.

The soviet army moved from the east while America, Britain, and France moved in from the west. The SS were paralyzed by the three countries as it now became apparent that the Germans were the source of war for all those years. The SS soldiers began to consolidate the concentration camps. As the American forces came the Germans started destroying evidence of the existence of the consolidation camps[15]. The bodies that had been buried in mass graves were exhumed and burned completely. All the evidence in regards to the incriminating documents and the gas chambers were completely destroyed. The surviving slaves were marched to other concentration camps. The United States forces and the camp inmates made killed hundreds of the German guards. It was really difficult to get any document or survivors who actually knew of what was going on.

Impact of the Propaganda

            The Nazi propaganda enables the Nazi party to take power in 1933. Through such propagandas people believed so much in the truth that the Germans were saying. With the destruction of evidence of the atrocities committed by the Nazi regime it became quite difficult to actually know who did what and where. Overall, the deed of the Nazi was so bad that the world felt its impact. The Nazi party after taking over ensured that they influenced the people mind. At first, the Germans used to fear the Americans but as the propagandas went by, the Germans stopped fearing them. The introduction of the Propagandas saw the burning of books by the SS and the Gestapo who were against anything which anti Nazi.

            The soldiers invaded libraries looking for books and materials which would have were against the wishes of the Nazi party. This was well orchestrated by Goebbels who was the Minister of Propaganda. As the Nazis wanted to show the world their might, they organized the rallies with the view to show the world that they had the power to change the world. The propagandas made the Nazis look like they were gods while the Jews were devils. These propagandas focused on making the population believe that the Aryan race was supreme. They also aimed at making the Germans take pride in being Germans and thus uphold nationalism which is easy to maneuver. The Nazi logo was placed on everything including the police uniforms. The military was considered to be part of the greater good and thus the rallies were aimed at showing the world that Germans have the best military expertise in the world.

            Aside from the propaganda, Hitler used the terror state through the SS to rein terror to the country[16]. The secret police were the most feared as they were brutal and ruthless. The Gestapo would spy and report on any state enemy before arresting them. They were the ones who run the dreaded concentration camps. The people were afraid of being arrested and thus had only to speak what the Nazi party wanted anything above or below would risk someone to the camps. Also, Hitler gained popularity through promising the Germans to do away with the treaty of the Versailles and create more job opportunities to the inhabitants. These are the things that put the Nazi party into power.

            However, the impact of the Nazi regime was sweet to the people who were inside but the general public was actually disoriented. The Party members used to live a happy life. They had the best houses, given preferential treatments, the best jobs and overall power over the Germans. The ordinary people were happy about the full employment which had security of tenure. Additionally, they received improved public transport. It was while Hitler was in power that the Volkswagen vehicles started to be manufactured in masses. This was a great achievement as the vehicles were used in the Second World War. The Nazi propagandas gave the Germans hope about the future. The racial philosophies made the people believe in themselves. The Germans believed that they were well protected against any adversaries[17]. There was law and order and thus fewer criminals in the society for the fear of being taken to the concentration camps.

            The women were encouraged to bear more children as those who had more than eight children were awarded with a God medal. The law was very cognizant of marriage and gave every newlywed a loan of 1000 marks who would be allowed to keep 200 marks for every child[18]. The Nazi recognized the impact of the importance of the youths. The youths were told that they were clever than their parents. Also, most parents feared that their children would report them to the Gestapo and thus respected their children very much. For every block there were the staircase rulers who reported any criminals to the police who would then be arrested and killed or taken to the concentration camps.

            It is important to note that not all the people were happy. The songs were only authorized by the Nazi party. The workers were paid lowly and if they staged any strikes they would be shot. The Nazi party ensured that the proprietors controlled their workers. There was no freedom of speech and if anyone said anything contrary to the wishes of the Nazis, they would be arrested by the Gestapo. Women were discriminated against when it came to working. All the women who were educated were not allowed to undertake their professions. The girls hated the three C’s which meant that their work was to cook, go to church and care about the children. Some of the youths were against the Nazi regime and they started attacking the Gestapo. The Aryan girls were often taken to special camps were they were bred with the Aryan boys. The trade unions were banned and the leaders killed as they had a greater say to the workers. The protestant pastors were persecuted and eventually killed. The communists and the Marxists were taken to the concentration camps.

Most of the Germans, however, liked this as they saw it as bringing political stability to the country. The Jews were killed in masses (which was regarded as the final solution-the genocide (the Holocaust)) while their children became the experimental materials particularly in the field of medicine. The disabled children were not spared and it was hereditary, the entire family was sterilized. The deaf and the mentally ill were killed all together. There was no place for the beggars, alcoholics, hooligans, prostitutes and homosexuals in the Nazi regime as they were looked upon as being anti-social and were thus send to the concentration camps.

Conclusion

            The paper has endeavored to critically examine the Nazi propagandas. Propaganda is the spread of information with the intention of influencing many people. The Nazis used the propagandas with the aim of getting the support of the Germans. Even before the Nazis came to power they had been scheming on how to win the public confidence. After taking control, Adolf Hitler who was the Party leader looked for ways of conducting the Propaganda and forthwith appointed Dr. Joseph Goebbels to head the Ministry of Public enlightenment and propaganda. He was a perfect match for the job.

            The best device which was used is the radio which used to air every move and step made by the Nazis. Other tools like the newspapers and posters were used to spread the propaganda. It was the films and the radio which proved to be tremendous in achieving the purpose for the ministry. The Nazi organized rallies which would display the military achievements and this scared the world. The propagandas were spread top every sector of the country. The people who went against the wishes of the Nazis were either executed or taken to the concentration camps. These camps were the most dreaded in the world as they were known to be headed by the special unit of the force known as the Gestapo who were ruthless and brutal.

            Many people were taken to the camps while the opponents who included the Jews were massacred in the Holocaust. Such propagandas made the Nazi party to be feared by everybody in Germany. The goals of the Nazi were to gain public support in order to go into war. The treaty of the Versailles which had been drafted after the First World War was very tough as it imposed sanctions to Germany and this saw the unemployment rates going higher by the day. However, the Germans felt started resisting the Nazi regime as the rules imposed were so stiff. The youths started fighting the Gestapo and the entire country at the verge of hunger felt that the Nazi regime was only using them for their personal gains.

            After invading Poland and the Czech Republic, the Nazi opened many concentration camps were they had the gas chambers, where the Jews were completely massacred. It was until the Americans, Britain and France attacked Germans that they stopped the mass killing. It was too late for Hitler to take any action as his plans were thwarted completely. The internal revolts from the Germans made the Nazi party have no say as the propagandas could no longer work on them. The German workers who had worked abroad saw that Hitler was a great liar and publicly denounced the Nazis in drinking joints. This became the end of the Nazi regime.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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